Modern medicine leans increasingly towards the parasitic theory of the disease and shows that when living parasites in the human body, there is a regularity in the development of various types of violations. There are over 300 known organisms, which leads to a parasitic way of life the surface of the skin and inside. All sorts of parasites have different life cycles, the mechanisms of parasitism, but one thing unites them — the parasitic causes great harm to humans.
Classification of types of parasites in the human body
There is a division of right and wrong parasitism. When pests of the human parasites not true, harmful if accidentally swallowed, look around. Examples are insects and leeches in the nasopharynx or ear points. Because of the risk of extensive damage, obstruction of the airway is needed for an urgent elimination of pests. Treatment of true parasitism mainly the drug depends on the pest.
Parasites living on the body surface and the outer bodies
Organisms that are parasitic on the skin surface lice, mites, bedbugs, certain types of flies, mosquitoes. Cause harm to human bites, formed of the skin of the colony, which causes skin lesions. Parasites are a serious threat to humans, as carriers of the infection and viruses, such as encephalitis, malaria, typhoid, plague, anthrax.
The simplest
This small parasite in humans, which are composed of a single cell and parasites in various organs and tissues, causing serious illness, often chronic. The most well-known are amoeba, Giardia, Toxoplasma. The route of the parasite are different, mainly through food and water. Some types cause deadly diseases, for example, a certain kind of amoeba that lives in water and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Worms
In the group of helminth species parasitic worms live in the internal organs of living organisms. They are big enough, living in the body the parasite can cause significant damage to tissues and organs, and if left untreated, even cause death.
Is such a type of parasite in the body:
- Roundworms, nematodes, are 1-2 mm (Trichinella) to several tens of centimeters (roundworm). Some species, such as Ancylostoma, penetrate the skin.
- Flukes, flat worms, popularly called the "whale tail", because of the suction cup body. Infection occurs by ingestion of infection forms of the parasite develop in the body of the intermediate host or in the water.
- The majority of helminths, cestodes, better known by the name — tapeworms or apni. Is more than 10-15 m (beef tapeworm), and the largest representative, tapeworm wide, extends more than 20 km. The intermediate host and source of infection is usually farm animals.
Localization, where they live as parasites
There are several forms of localization. Temporary residence means a localization of the parasite in the body during the cycle development. In place in the form, when the parasites are in the organism to live its entire life cycle, eggs in the human body and do not require the maturation of the intermediate host. Transit-form localization is the period of migration of the parasite habitat.
Diagnosis and treatment is important to take into account both shape and localization. The location is divided into 2 main categories. The first group are parasitic on the skin of organisms. Parasites within a person that affect the internal organs, species that can live in the bones, tissues and fluids form a group of internal parasites, it includes protozoa and helminths.
Parasites and the human skin
Internal human parasites are divided into 2 types — the parasites of the tissues and parasites and abdominal organs, related to the external environment. Is non-standard-infection, when parasites from unusual, that its kind of habitat, which complicates diagnosis and treatment, especially for lesions in the brain.
Parasites live on the surface of the body and the outer body are two main ways of parasitism, temporary and permanent. Pests do not live on the skin of living creatures, fed through the bites are temporary and dangerous infections. Parasites live in human skin, affects the integrity of the epithelium, causing dermatological diseases.
The most encountered type
The most common parasites that live on the skin, are the causative agent of scabies — the itch mite, lice that cause pediculosis, and the skin of the tick — pathogen demodicosis. In the spring and autumn period, is the ticks, that live in field and forest. Easily the most common parasites of man, such as Giardia, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas, amoeba, Plasmodium. The worms relates to the common beef and pork tapeworm and most — tapeworm. Among the nematode is often diagnosed as roundworm, pinworm, Trichinella, vlasoglavy. Trematodes of the most common liver fluke and giant.
The most common symptoms of infection
When the parasite eggs or adult parasites in organisms from the human body, there comes the incubation period, during which parasitic infection can be asymptomatic. Signs of visible external parasites, skin allergic rashes, wounds, itching. Identify internal parasites more difficult, parasitic diseases often similar to symptoms of other diseases. The primary symptoms are caused by the action of toxins is often perceived as the result of overwork and ignored.
Signal diagnosis is the emergence of such symptoms:
- allergic reaction slag parasites;
- anemia;
- headaches;
- causeless sleep disorders;
- dyspepsia;
- often, nausea, pain in the abdomen;
- disorders of the digestive system;
- increase in body temperature;
- pain in the liver or increase the body;
- often causeless pain in the joints, muscles;
- any long-term ailments not related to any other diagnosed diseases.
Diagnosis
Identify external parasites of the skin is possible by visual inspection and microscopic analysis of the tissue. Difficult to diagnosis can cause severe allergic reactions and secondary infections that look like skin diseases, which are not loisperäisiä.
To quickly find the presence of value is not required is much more difficult, the list of parasites in the human body is more than hundreds of species requires a comprehensive diagnosis, which consists of several tests and procedures:
- General analysis of blood;
- immunoassay blood test;
- examination of the stool;
- CT and ultra sound, which allows you to quickly identify the large species;
- analysis of the duodenal contents;
- the study of the secretion of the duodenum 12.
Medications and treatment
In the treatment of parasitic diseases has to be uniform, the designated doctor on the basis of laboratory studies and the patient. This is due to the high toxicity of the medication, the need for regular monitoring of the patient. Self-treatment can have negative consequences, leading to life-threatening complications. If the parasites of man is localized usually to identify risks and treatments without expert impossible.
Therapeutic measures is divided into three stages. The training step is required to remove toxins from the body, relieve acute symptoms and protect the internal organs from the harmful effects of drugs. For these purposes, prescribed medication, special medications to cleanse the body, antibiotics, diet.
The second stage is the destruction of parasites, is initiated when the patient's condition is stable. Large worms, such as the beef tapeworm and large pests from the internal tissues are often removed surgically. The duration of the medicine, of course, affects the life cycle of individuals, the extent of damage.
The third phase, the objective is to restore the body and prevent re-infection. Mild infestation is quite simple health treatments. Parasitic diseases of man may require long treatment and recovery, cessation of the medication during treatment delays the healing process.
Preventive measures
At the core of prevention is hygiene, handling of food and clean drinking water, observance of sanitary norms during the cooking of meat and fish. Caution should be exercised when swimming in fresh water, where parasites a huge number of dangerous pests. Protection against ectoparasites is the use of high-quality insect repellents to avoid contact with infected people and objects.
The most dangerous are considered pests found in the tropics and in warm countries when planning your trip, including places, should be carefully protect themselves from insects. All the parasites living in our body are a threat to health and the preventive measures is to prevent serious parasitic infection.